The Clean Air Act And The Basis for Regulation of Greenhouse Gases--Footnotes
Part 1
Part 2
[1] P.L. 91-604, 84 Stat. 1676.
[2] Clean Air Amendments of 1977, P.L. 95-95, 91 Stat. 685; Clean Air Amendments of 1990, P.L. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399.
[3] 42 USC §7401(b)(1).
[6] Other titles include: Title III, General Provisions; Title IV, Noise Pollution; Title IV-A, Acid Deposition Control; and Title VI, Stratospheric Ozone Protection.
[7] 42 USC §7409(a)(1).
[11] 42 USC §7411(b)(A).
[14]§7411(d). 42 USC
[15] 42 USC §7411(e).
[16] 42 USC §7412(b).
[17] 42 USC §7412(d).
[18] 42 USC §7410(a)(1).
[19] 42 USC §7411(c).
[20] 42 USC §7410(a)(2).
[21] The statutory and regulatory requirement for non-attainment areas are not directly relevant to this issue and will not be detailed herein.
[25] See, e.g., 40 CFR 52.21(b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(40).
[29]75 Fed. Reg. 31551 (June 3, 2010).
[30]42 USC §§7661(2) and 7602(j).
[32] Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 US 497, 127 S.Ct 1438 (2007)
[33] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1449.
[34] Id.
[35] Id.
[36] See 68 Fed. Reg. 52925 (September 8, 2003).
[37] Id.
[38] Id.
[39] Id.
[40] Id.
[41] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1446.
[42] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1447.
[43] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1459.
[44] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1460.
[45] 42 USC 7602(g); Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1460 (emphasis in original).
[46] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1460.
[47] Id.
[48] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ pp. 1460-1.
[49] Brown v. Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120, 120 S.Ct. (2000); Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1461.
[50] Id.
[51] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1462.
[52] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1462.
[53] Id.
[54] Id.
[55] Id.
[56] Id.
[57] Id.
[58] Id.
[59] Massachusetts, 127 S.Ct @ p. 1463.
[60] 74 Fed. Reg. 18890 (April 24, 2009). The ANPR may be found at 73 Fed. Reg. 44354 (July 30, 2008).
[61] Id.
[62] 74 Fed. Reg. 18886 (April 24, 2009); 74 Fed. Reg. 66496 (December 15, 2009).
[63] 75 Fed. Reg. 25324 (May 7, 2010).
[64] Timing Rule: 75 Fed. Reg. 17004 (April 2, 2010); Tailoring Rule: 75 Fed. Reg. 31514 (June 3, 2010).
[65] 74 Fed. Reg. 18890 (April 24, 2009).
[66] 74 Fed. Reg. 18891 (April 24, 2009).
[67] 74 Fed. Reg. 66505 (December 15, 2009).
[68] Id.
[69] Id.
[70] 74 Fed. Reg. 66516 (December 15, 2009). Together, the six gas are referred to as CO2e.
[71] 74 Fed. Reg. 66517 (December 15, 2009).
[72] 74 Fed. Reg. 66505 (December 15, 2009).
[73] 74 Fed. Reg. 18891 (April 24, 2009).
[74] Id.
[75] Ethyl Corporation v. EPA, 541 F.2d 1 (D.C. Circuit, 1976)
[76] Ethyl Corporation, 541 F.2d at p. 11.
[77] Ethyl Corporation, 541 F.2d at p. 13.
[78] 74 Fed. Reg. 18891 (April 24, 2009).
[79] 42 USC §7602(h); 74 Fed. Reg. 66510 (December 15, 2009).
[80] 74 Fed. Reg. 66510 (December 15, 2009), citing Whitman v. American Trucking Association, 531 U.S. 457, 466 (2001).
[81] 74 Fed. Reg. 66510 (December 15, 2009).
[82] 74 Fed. Reg. 66516 (December 15, 2009).
[83] 74 Fed. Reg. 66524 (December 15, 2009).
[84] 74 Fed. Reg. 66531 (December 15, 2009).
[85] 74 Fed. Reg. 66508 (December 15, 2009).
[86] Id.
[87] Id.
[88] 74 Fed. Reg. 66537 (December 15, 2009), citing 42 USC §7602(g).
[89] 74 Fed. Reg. 66536 (December 15, 2009).
[90] 74 Fed. Reg. 66537 (December 15, 2009).
[91] Id.
[92] 75 Fed. Reg. 25324 (May 7, 2010).
[93] 75 Fed. Reg. 25328 (May 7, 2010).
[94] 40 CFR 52.21(b)(50)(iv) (2008). This provision was later amended by Tailoring Rule, which added a definition of 'subject to regulation.'
[95] 42 USC §7475(a)(4).
[96] 75 Fed. Reg. 17004 (April 2, 2010).
[97]EPA's Interpretation of Regulations that Determine Pollutants Covered by Federal Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Permit Program, December 18, 2008 (PSD Interpretive Memo); 73 Fed. Reg. 80300 (December 31, 2008); 75 Fed. Reg. 17005-17006 (April 2, 2010).
[98] 75 Fed. Reg. 17007 (April 2, 2010).
[99] Id.
[100] PSD Interpretive Memo, p. 11.
[101] Id.
[102] 75 Fed. Reg. 17015 (April 2, 2010).
[103] PSD Interpretative Memo, p. 14; 75 Fed. Reg. 17015 (April 2, 2010).
[104] 75 Fed. Reg. 17015 (April 2, 2010).
[105] 75 Fed. Reg. 17019 (April 2, 2010).
[106] Id.
[107] 75 Fed. Reg. 17019 (April 2, 2010); 42 USC §7522(a)(1).
[108] 75 Fed. Reg. 17019 (April 2, 2010).
[109] Id.
[110] Id.
[111] 75 Fed. Reg. 31516 (June 3, 2010).
[112] Id.
[113] Id.
[114] 75 Fed. Reg. 31520 (June 3, 2010); 42 USC §7479(1).
[115] 75 Fed. Reg. 31533 (June 3, 2010).
[116] 75 Fed. Reg. 31534 (June 3, 2010).
[117] 75 Fed. Reg. 31535-31536 (June 3, 2010).
[118] 75 Fed. Reg. 31533 (June 3, 2010).
[119] 75 Fed. Reg. 31522 (June 3, 2010).
[120] Id.
[121] 75 Fed. Reg. 31523 (June 3, 2010).
[122] Id.
[123] Id.
[124] Id.
[125] Id.
[126] Id.
[127] Id.
[128] Id.
[129] Id.
[130] 75 Fed. Reg. 31524 (June 3, 2010).
[131] Id.
[132] Id.
[133] 75 Fed. Reg. 31533, 31541 (June 3, 2010).
[134] 75 Fed. Reg. 31533 (June 3, 2010).
[135] Id.
[136] Id.
[137] Id.
[138] Chevron USA, Inc. v. NRDC, 467 U.S. 837 (1984).
[139] 75 Fed. Reg. 31543 (June 3, 2010). .
[140] Id., citing United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, 489 U.S. 235 (1989).
[141] 75 Fed. Reg. 31555 (June 3, 2010).
[142] 75 Fed. Reg. 31577 (June 3, 2010).
[143] 75 Fed. Reg. 31578 (June 3, 2010).
[144] 75 Fed. Reg. 31548 (June 3, 2010).
[145] 75 Fed. Reg. 31549 (June 3, 2010).
[146] 75 Fed. Reg. 31548 (June 3, 2010).
[147] Coalition for Responsible Regulation Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency, 684 F.3d 102 (D.C. Cir. 2012).
[148] 134 S.Ct 418-419 and 468 (October 15, 2013).
[149] Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA, --- U.S. ---, 134 S.Ct 2427 (2014).
[150] Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2438.
[151] Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2439.
[152] Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2440.
[153]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2441.
[154] Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2442.
[155] Id.
[156] Id.
[157] Id.
[158]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2443.
[159]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2444.
[160]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2445.
[161] Id.
[162]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2448, citing 42 USC 7475(a)(4).
[163]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2448.
[164]Utility Air, 134 S.Ct. at p. 2449.
[165] Id.
[166] Id.
[167] 74 Fed. Reg. 56260 (October 30, 2009): Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; 40 CFR Part 98.
[168] P.L.110-161, 121 Stat. 1844.
[169] 74 Fed. Reg. 56265 (October 30, 2009), citing 42 USC §§7414(a)(1) and 7542.
[170] 74 Fed. Reg. 56267 (October 30, 2009).
[171] 77 Fed. Reg. 62624 (October 15, 2012).
[172] 76 Fed. Reg. 57106 (September 15, 2011).
[173] P.L. 109-58, 119 Stat. 594; 42 USC §7545(o), (o)(2).
[174] 72 Fed. Reg. 23900 (May 1, 2007).
[175] P.L. 110-140, 121 Stat. 1492.
[176] 75 Fed. Reg. 14670 (March 26, 2010).
[177] 75 Fed. Reg. 14798 (March 26, 2010).
[178] 77 Fed. Reg. 49490 (August 16, 2012). Oil and Natural Gas Sector: New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews.
[179] 42 USC §7411(b).
[180] 42 USC §7412.
[181] 77 Fed. Reg. 49492, 49533 (August 16, 2012). Methane has a global warming potential of 25, which means that this reduction totals about 25 million tons of CO2e. 40 CFR Part 98, Table A-1 to Subpart A.
[182] New Plants: 79 Fed. Reg. 1430 (January 8, 2014); Existing Plants: 79 Fed. Reg. 34830 (June 18, 2014) and 79 Fed. Reg. 34960 (June 18, 2014).
[183] 42 USC §7411(b).
[184] 42 USC §7411(a)(1).
[185] 77 Fed. Reg. 22392 (April 13, 2012).
[186] 79 Fed. Reg. 1430 (January 8, 2014).
[187] 79 Fed. Reg. 1432-1433 (January 8, 2014).
[188] 79 Fed. Reg. 1433 (January 8, 2014).
[189] Id.
[190] 79 Fed. Reg. 1434-1435 (January 8, 2014).
[191] 79 Fed. Reg. 1435 (January 8, 2014).
[192] 79 Fed. Reg. 1435-1436 (January 8, 2014).
[193] 79 Fed. Reg. 1435-1436 (January 8, 2014).
[194] 42 USC §7411(d)(1).
[195] 42 USC §7411(d)(2).
[196] 79 Fed. Reg. 34832 (June 18, 2014).
[197] 79 Fed. Reg. 34833, 34957-34958 (June 18, 2014).
[198] Id.
[199] Id.
[200] 79 Fed. Reg. 34835 (June 18, 2014).
[201] 79 Fed. Reg. 34856 (June 18, 2014).
[202] 79 Fed. Reg. 1495 (January 8, 2014).
[203] Id.
[204] 79 Fed. Reg. 34832 (June 18, 2014).
[205] The President's Climate Action Plan, June, 2013, p. 4.
[206] McCarthy, Regina, Opening Statement of Regina McCarthy Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 29, 2012, at pp. 1 - 2.